Hello Anastasia.

Pregnancy in a woman occurs when a male sperm meets a female egg and fertilizes it. In this regard, it is more advisable to assess the likelihood of pregnancy based on facts about the time of ovulation and the date of intercourse. The fact is that a woman can have many sexual contacts, but not all of them can lead to conception, but only those that occurred on the day of ovulation, on the eve of her, or 2-3 days before this event. Also, the likelihood of pregnancy depends on the quality of the male sperm, as well as the health status of the woman.

Is it possible to get pregnant if sperm gets on the external genitals?

If we talk about the likelihood of pregnancy, then any unprotected intercourse that occurs at a favorable time can lead to conception. In this case, it does not even matter whether the sexual partner has ejaculated, because in some cases, an insignificant part of the sperm may be present in the pre-seminal fluid, which is secreted from the urethra of the male penis even before orgasm.

Another danger of interrupted intercourse, when the partner "ends" not in the vagina, but in the external environment, is the inability of some men to control the onset of ejaculation. In this case, the first, even very insignificant, portion of sperm can get into the vagina, and that part of it that pours out is only the "tip of the iceberg".

If, as a result of ejaculation, even a drop of sperm falls on the external genitals, then pregnancy becomes quite possible, because sperm can move very quickly. As you know, they can only move in a liquid medium, and in most cases the genitals are well moistened during intercourse, which is a favorable environment for the movement of sperm. However, only the composition of the semen is ideal for the movement of spermatozoa. the vaginal environment for most of them is destructive, in water they die almost instantly, because they develop osmotic shock.

If we talk about their movement, it is worth noting that sperm can develop a very good speed, up to 4 mm per minute. The slowest sperm cells move at a speed of up to 1 mm per minute. If we take into account the pace of their movement and the distance that the sperm will have to cover in order to move from the external genital organs to the vagina, then they will spend only a couple of minutes on this. Thus, hygiene after sex does not always work as a method of contraception, because in some cases, by the time a woman gets to the bathroom, sperm can already storm the cervix in order to penetrate further.

What to do if a woman is not sure about the chosen method of contraception

As I wrote above, interrupted intercourse can lead to pregnancy. If a woman has not used postcoital drugs, then the likelihood of pregnancy cannot be ruled out. In this regard, you will need to wait for the start of the next menstruation, and if necessary (if there is a delay), take a pregnancy test or be sure to consult a doctor.

Regards, Maria.

In childhood, girls firmly believed that by kissing a boy, you can get pregnant. And now in modern world they talk about sex, contraception, sexually transmitted diseases at every step, but, paradoxically, neither men nor women have become more enlightened in this area. Moreover, now it is an area of ​​continuous myth-making.

Young people very often before going to serious relationship and sex is engaged in the so-called intimate caresses. And although they have nothing to do with intercourse, but very often young women are worried about the question - is it possible to get pregnant without intercourse?

There is no definite answer as such. It all depends on what the young people did and received as a result. And the health status of partners, of course, plays a very important role.

Factors contributing to the conception of a child without intercourse

In order to become pregnant, you need a combination of at least several circumstances.

Firstly, the sperm must, at least, get to the female genitals so that the male's seed can successfully penetrate into the aggressive environment of the female body - the vagina, and the sperm have fulfilled their only purpose - the fertilization of the egg. The possibility of conceiving a child is also high if a man first caresses himself with his hands, and then his partner. And for those who like to excite their partner by stroking her genitals with their genitals, it is worth remembering that the lubricant released from the excited penis of a man contains a small amount of germ cells capable of fertilizing eggs.

Secondly, menstrual cycle a woman has a period of fertility, which lasts only 48 hours from the moment when a woman's mature reproductive cell leaves the ovary and goes on a journey through the fallopian tube - ovulation. To determine this time, you can start from the middle of the menstrual cycle.

Although when determining fertile period it should be borne in mind that sperm cells do not die in a woman's body within five days, and are capable of fertilizing female reproductive cells at this time. That is, the duration of the fertile period can be 6-8 days.

Third, being mobile and healthy are of paramount importance in fertilization. Currently, due to the lifestyle of men, the number of "nimble" spermatozoa has greatly decreased. Their speed is fundamentally important for conceiving a child, because they have to get through the acidic and destructive environment of the vagina to the egg.

A man who does not have serious problems with health, only 30-35% of spermatozoa have the mobility required for fertilization. And in order to reduce this indicator, it is enough just to drink a bottle of beer, overdo it in the gym, not get enough sleep or catch a cold.

That is why it makes sense to say that it is almost impossible to get pregnant without sexual intercourse in a natural way.

Can oral and anal sex lead to pregnancy?

Modern young people very often, instead of vaginal sex, engage in anal sex, believing that in this way they can protect themselves and their partner from unwanted pregnancy... Partners rarely think about the fact that the vaginal and anus are very close to each other.

The semen of a man after ejaculation may well drain into the woman's vagina (of course, provided that the partner is in a suitable position for this). But with oral contact, the probability of conceiving a child tends to zero.

IVF is the most effective method get pregnant without intercourse

There are many childless married couples these days. One in six couples are believed to have similar difficulties. And diseases (such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary disease, poor quality sperm in men, etc.) are not always the cause of childlessness.

For our time, unfortunately, it is no longer such a rare occurrence when a man and a woman are healthy, but pregnancy does not occur. As a rule, this is due to the biological (or immunological) incompatibility between men and women, when the body produces antibodies that kill sperm cells. It's akin allergic reaction... Moreover, similar antibodies are produced in men. This is usually a consequence of a vasectomy. But couples with similar problems should not despair, because modern medicine stepped forward.

Now there is an effective way of conceiving a child without sexual intercourse - (IVF) or, simply put, in vitro conception. Thanks to him, even a lonely independent woman can dream of a child.

If we are talking about artificial insemination, then there is no need for sexual intercourse as such. During IVF, an egg is taken from a woman's body and artificially fertilized with a pre-selected sperm, the resulting embryo is kept in an incubator for 2-5 days, then, for further development, is placed in the uterine cavity. All this is carried out in specialized institutions and does not always work out the first time.

It is unlikely that future parents will carry out fertilization without intercourse at home, even with a strong desire to acquire offspring. It is much better to make love and get both pleasure and results from this process.

• When can a woman become pregnant and is it possible to count the days in ...
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Pregnancy is a natural process in the female body. In order for conception to occur, the participation of one more partner - a man - is necessary. This article will tell you about what you can get pregnant from. A similar question was asked, perhaps, by every representative of the fairer sex, fearing unwanted fertilization. The fertilization process will be described below. female gametes male cage. It should be noted that sperm motility plays an important role in this.

Fertilization process

How many days does it take to fertilize an egg? Before answering this question, let's try to understand the very process of gamete fusion.

In order for conception to occur, it is necessary to have sexual intercourse at How is this time determined? A man is considered fertile if sperm motility and sperm count are within normal limits. An analysis called a spermogram will help determine this. In women, they are determined by ovulation. This suggests that the fairer sex may not be fertilized at any time. So, quite problematic. Immediately after the end of bleeding, the hormone estrogen begins to be actively produced. It is under its action that one or more follicles grow in the ovary. Having reached its maximum size, the bubble bursts, and in abdominal cavity a gamete is ingested - an egg cell.

If, a week before or within a few days after the above process, sexual contact with a fertile man occurs, then the fertilization of the egg will occur. How many days can sperm live in a woman's body? It all depends on the individual characteristics of the male body and the state of the microflora of the fairer sex. On average, this time is equal to one week.

When intercourse occurs, a powerful stream of male ejaculant enters the vagina. There, its insignificant liquefaction and advancement occurs. Further, the substance appears in the uterine cavity and moves along the fallopian tubes. This is where the main process takes place. The sperm reaches the egg and penetrates through its membrane. It should be noted that only one male gamete can do this. However, in order to achieve its goal, it must advance in the powerful stream of its fellows. Immediately after fertilization, the cells of the embryo begin to divide continuously and move into the uterine cavity. It is there that they will have to develop and transform the long months of pregnancy.

What can you get pregnant from?

The unequivocal answer to this question is as follows: "From a male ejaculant." However, many of the fairer sex are not satisfied with the information received. Such women are interested in whether it is possible to conceive a child during oral contact or with interrupted intercourse. Also, some people are afraid of getting pregnant during anal intercourse and while taking a bath together.

What is in all of the above cases? Let's try to understand in detail each episode.

Interrupted intercourse

Can you get pregnant after intercourse? Of course, yes. Many couples use this way to prevent unwanted conception. Doctors say it is very dangerous.

During such contacts, the man does not ejaculate his ejaculant into the woman's body. However, in the process of intercourse, mucus can be released, containing a small amount. So, if this substance reaches the egg, then conception is inevitable.

Fertilization with male lubricant

What else can you get pregnant from? Doctors say that the onset of conception is quite possible with contact, which does not even end with ejaculation. The whole point is as follows.

During foreplay, both sexual partners are intensely aroused. It is necessary for a more comfortable and pleasant contact. So, at this time, grease is released. It is needed to prepare the male vas deferens for more sperm-friendly conditions. Women's lubricant removes the acidic environment of the vagina, making it alkaline. Scientists claim that such male secretions contain single sperm. Moreover, the stronger the excitement, the more gametes will be found in the mucus. If there is an unprotected introduction of the penis into the vagina, then the male cells will quickly rush to their goal. Fertilization from such intercourse does not occur as often as from an interrupted act, but it is still possible.

Anal and oral contact

If sperm got into the intestines or stomach, is it possible to get pregnant? Doctors unanimously say that in such cases, conception cannot occur. The thing is that for fertilization, sperm need to get into the uterus or abdominal cavity. From the area digestive tract cells simply cannot move there. That is why such contacts never lead to conception.

Repeated unprotected intercourse

If a man has ejaculated, and within a few hours he resumed intercourse, then the woman may well become pregnant. It is worth recalling that this is only about contact without a condom or the use of other methods of contraception.

The thing is that after the last ejaculation, a certain amount of sperm remains in the man's urethra. During the next arousal, it stands out and remains on the glans penis. With the introduction of an organ into the vagina, sperm cells actively begin to perform their function.

Can you get pregnant through water?

Many of the fairer sex are afraid that conception will occur during the simultaneous adoption of water procedures. So, if you are in the bath with your partner and you have affection that leads to ejaculation, is fertilization possible? What is the likelihood of getting pregnant while doing this? The opinion of doctors on this matter is ambiguous.

Some experts argue that sperm cells cannot survive in ordinary water. As you know, the water supply system also contains chlorine, which has a destructive effect on living microorganisms. The opinion of this group of physicians is that conception cannot occur.

What are the other professionals saying? Some experts convince the population that conception may well occur not only in an ordinary bath, but also in a public reservoir. For this, the condition must be fulfilled that the cells instantly entered the female body, and the representative of the weaker sex was excited.

Is it always possible to get pregnant the first time? This question is asked not only by couples who have decided to have a baby, but also by young girls who are not ready for the birth of a child. What is the opportunity to get pregnant the first time, can it always happen on the first try?

Can a girl get pregnant the first time

Pregnancy is possible. When?

It will not be possible to get pregnant without a number of favorable conditions for this, but this does not exclude the possibility of getting pregnant only the first time.

Ovulation, you probably know what it is, especially if you are planning a pregnancy. It is on these days that the egg is ready to receive a sperm, it leaves the ovary and waits in the wings for fertilization. The duration of ovulation is 1 day, sometimes it lasts up to 48 hours. The egg matures in the middle of the menstrual cycle, for girls with an average cycle of 28 days, ovulation occurs on days 14-15. During this period, the probability of pregnancy is maximum, but conception can occur at other times.

For 6 days after ejaculation, the sperm remain viable. This makes pregnancy possible about 5 days before ovulation occurs and 2 days after its completion.

That is why you can give an affirmative answer to the question of whether a girl can get pregnant on the first try.

The likelihood of getting pregnant the first time

The chance of conceiving a child if you have a 28-day menstrual cycle is 11%. However, consider one more fact. In a quarter of cases, and sometimes in half, even when an egg meets a sperm during ovulation, pregnancy may not occur. There are also many reasons beyond your control that can lead to early termination of pregnancy. Even a fertilized egg that has failed to attach to the wall of the uterus will be released with blood during the onset of menstruation. And with such statistics, conception occurs in only 5-6% of couples.

According to doctors, partners who do not have any health problems, who have sexual intercourse at least 2-3 times a week, in 60% of cases will be able to conceive a child within six months. The remaining 30% will be lucky in the period up to a year, and only 10% of the lucky ones will succeed the first time.

Is it possible for you to get pregnant after the first time - time will tell, but such a possibility cannot be ruled out in any way.

Conception after first intercourse

If you are completely healthy, but you have not had intimate relationships with a man, what are your chances? You have the same chances of getting pregnant after the first contact with the opposite sex, like all other, more experienced women. Moreover, pregnancy can occur even a month before the start of the first menstruation. That is why adolescents need to be more careful about this, since many do not know if it is possible to get pregnant right after the first time.

Why can't I get pregnant?

It is impossible to answer in the affirmative, is it always possible for a girl to get pregnant the first time. Not always. And the reasons for this are different:

• inflammatory processes and infectious diseases in the genitourinary system of one or both partners;
• complications after infections;
• complications after any trauma or abortion;
• overweight or too little weight;
• hormonal disbalance;
• reduced immunity;
• taking certain medications;
• constant stressful situations and emotional stress;
• bad habits.

If you have any health problems and cannot get pregnant, seek the advice of a specialist in order to eliminate all negative factors that interfere with conception in time.

What is the probability and is it possible, in principle, for a girl to become pregnant from male lubrication - the answer to the question lies in the physiology of the fertilization process.

For a complete understanding whether or not a woman can become pregnant from male secretions, she needs to know the processes occurring in the body and corresponding to the nature of a man.

Allocations in men are of several types:

• sperm (ejaculate, seminal fluid) - a cloudy, viscous, opalescent substance of light gray color, which is released in men during orgasm (the highest peak of arousal), ejaculation or scientific "ejaculation", has fertilizing properties;
• male lubricant - a viscous transparent substance in the composition of the Cooper's glands, secreted under strong arousal, otherwise "Cooper's fluid", "pre-seed" or pre-seminal fluid, in medicine is called "pre-ejaculate", presumably can indirectly participate in fertilization;
• smegma - a white liquid with a specific odor, consists of moisture, dead epithelial tissue and the secretion of the sebaceous glands foreskin, fertilizing functions are absent.

Whether it is possible to get pregnant from male lubrication is still a controversial issue. The point is that lubrication functions are designed for specific purposes that are not related to conception.

What is the lubricant for:

• thanks to the lubricating ability of the pre-ejaculate, the penetration of the penis into the vagina is facilitated;
• the vagina has an acidic environment, and the lubricant has the property of neutralizing the acidity of the female microflora, which creates comfortable conditions for the vital activity of sperm;
• the lubricant promotes self-cleaning of the urethra from the remains of urine and semen from previous intercourse.

As you can see, there is no relationship between the properties of the pre-ejaculate and the fertilization process. Moreover, nothing indicates possible pregnancy from grease.

Morning tenderness

Therefore, asking how and in what cases it is possible to become pregnant from lubrication, some doctors appeal precisely to the physiological nature of this phenomenon.

Let us dwell in more detail on each point that will determine whether there is a chance of getting pregnant from male lubrication.

Are there sperm in a man's lubricant?

Before raising the topic of whether it is possible for a girl to become pregnant from male secretions, it is necessary to understand the process of sperm formation and how other fluids are produced in a man.

The point is that semen and lubricant have different sources of production. The process of spermatogenesis takes place in the testicles (testes) - it includes reproduction, growth, maturation and formation of sperm.

And pre-ejaculate is produced by bulbourethral glands (aka Cooper's glands). Lubrication is a product of the glands, secreted with strong arousal and no more.

What is the likelihood of getting pregnant from a man's lubrication depends on the amount of lubricant and the presence of sperm in it.

But then it is reasonable to ask if there are sperm in the lubricant and on what facts you can rely on to be sure of this for sure.

It should be borne in mind that after studying the anatomy, physiology and even the biological nature of the male body, scientists confidently declare that the Cooper glands do not produce sperm, so the version of the presence of gametes in the male lubricant has no confirmation.

This fact completely refutes the version that a woman can become pregnant not only from sperm, but also from precum.

However, other, no less authoritative, medical sources point to some laboratory tests, through which it was revealed that the lubricant still contains sperm. Let it be a hundredth, but it is present.

And as you know, just one viable "tadpole" or one drop of ejaculate is enough to fertilize a woman, especially if intercourse occurred during ovulation.

Obviously, the opinions of doctors on the issue whether or not a girl can get pregnant from lubricant or Cooper's secretions were divided.

However, there is also a third option, which confirms that in a certain situation it is really possible to get pregnant from pre-ejaculate. Let us consider this hypothesis in detail.

Can a girl get pregnant from male lubrication and secretions?

There is a version that is unanimously considered by all gynecologists as a real opportunity to get pregnant from lubrication.

For example, couples who practice interrupted intercourse as one of the methods of contraception against unwanted pregnancies.

Perfect trust

It is they who first of all fall into the risk group, where it is easy to increase a girl's chances of getting pregnant from a man's discharge. Although they are already quite high.

This is especially true for inexperienced young men who do not yet know their body very well, but with all this, they risk using such a method of contraception as PPA.

The essence of interrupting the act is to timely (before ejaculation) remove the male genital organ from the vagina and if the partner controls the process, then the woman has practically no chance of getting pregnant.
When, after sexual intercourse, lubricant flows through the urethra, some of the sperm from the semen debris can enter it.

With repeated sexual intercourse (especially without taking hygiene measures), male discharge, when excited, again enters the female genital organs.

As described above, the vagina is acidic and the lubricant neutralizes it. Therefore, lubricant is the first discharge that gets into a woman's genitals during sexual intercourse.

Even if a couple uses interruption of sex as a method of protection, then a small amount of sperm in which there are sperm can enter the female genital tract from the lubricant from previous intercourse.

Many people quite sincerely say: "Probably, conception from lubrication can occur, if only there are a lot of spermatozoa in it."

It does not matter at all how many sperm from the pre-seminal fluid got into the woman's genital tract. For fertilization, it is not the quantity that is important, but the presence of at least one mobile gamete.

As a result, the version of doctors that it is really possible for a girl or a woman to become pregnant from male lubricant has every right to exist.

Moreover, when reviews of couples who use interrupted intercourse confirm that the reason for pregnancy with this method of contraception, even despite the observance of safety rules, is precisely the liquid released from the Cooper's penis.

What do research and statistics show?

Coitus interruptus is very popular despite the fact that it cannot be considered a reliable method of protection.

In comparison with the equally common method of contraception using a condom, the reliability of which is estimated at 95%, the PPA method provides protection no more than 75%.

This result can make someone very happy, but upset someone.

According to statistics, in every 5 couples who practice interruption, the girl became pregnant due to non-compliance with the rules (loss of control) or from getting male lubricant into the female genitals.

Of course, many nuances play an important role here. There are many such situations, such as:

• the regularity of a woman's menstrual cycle;
• maintaining and adhering to the calendar of the menstrual cycle - avoiding sex on dangerous days, on ovulation days, etc.

There are many cases when a girl was able to become pregnant from a guy's lubrication immediately after menstruation or within a few days immediately during menstruation (with bleeding).
Many people think that this is impossible. In fact, this is possible and the explanation is quite simple.

While one ovary is busy producing an egg, the other is menstruating. That is, each organ follows its own life cycle.

Healthy and cheerful

Therefore, if there is at least a fraction of a percent that you can get pregnant from a man's lubrication during menstruation, then you should think about contraceptive methods.

After all, we are talking about pregnancy and the preservation of a new life.

Reasons Why You Could Fly In From Pre-ejaculate

Whether it is possible to get pregnant due to a guy's lubrication depends on many factors that must be considered in the event of an unwanted pregnancy.

All chances of getting pregnant appear in the following cases:

• repeated sexual intercourse without a condom or without prior hygiene measures;
• PPA in the middle of the menstrual cycle;
• repeated interruption of intercourse without a contraceptive on fertile days or on the day when ovulation occurs (or the coming days) can lead to pregnancy even the first time.

The main condition is the viability and activity of the sperm.

Is it possible to get pregnant through clothes from lubrication when a guy is aroused

Whether a girl can become pregnant or not if there has been no sexual intercourse, that is, without penetration, is more of a rhetorical question.

According to doctors, pregnancy, which occurs when a guy spends any sexual actions with a girl through clothes, is almost impossible.

An exception is repeated intercourse, in which part of the sperm could remain in the urethra.

However, for fertilization, the pre-ejaculate must get, if not inside the vagina, then at least on the genitals.

Improve mood

The amount of grease that will fall on female organs(including clothing) must be sufficient for conception to take place.

How to reduce to zero the chances of conception from a partner's pre-seminal fluid

You can even 100% protect yourself from unwanted conception. However, success can only be achieved if all the rules are strictly followed.

In this case, it is necessary to pay attention even to the little things, since they usually cause problems.

Try the following:

• before the second act, it is recommended to take a shower for both partners, and the man to rinse his penis with special care;
• the man needs to empty bladder to cleanse the urethra from residual sperm (suddenly there are lively);
• to avoid unforeseen situations, repeat the PPA with a condom;
• apply reliable means of protection not only on fertile (dangerous) days, but also on any other day;
• a woman needs to take care of herself especially anxiously, keep the MC calendar, mark menstruation, as well as any changes in the cycle.

Try to follow these basic rules, then you will not have to solve more serious problems.

Types of contraception and which are better

Of all the methods of protection, choose only the most reliable and pregnancy will not occur until you yourself want it.
Table of the most popular methods of protection.

Act on preference

Pros and cons of PPA

Negative aspects of PPA:

• unprotected sex is dangerous with the possibility of contracting sexually transmitted infections, so it can only be used with a regular partner;
• constant monitoring of the situation can lead to nervous disorder and even loss of libido, especially in suspicious persons;
• if you often interrupt intercourse, then this will negatively affect the health of both partners;
• when influencing the health of a man, the consequences are as follows - the development of impotence, infertility, uncontrolled ejaculation, prostatitis, etc.;
• with an effect on a woman's health - the development of frigidity, unwillingness to have sex, the development of congestion in the pelvic organs, ovarian dysfunction;
• unreliability of protection.

Positive sides:

• ease and accessibility - you can at any time, and for free;
• the brightness of sensations - many find that intercourse with a condom does not bring such pleasure;
• lack of fear - many are afraid of any (external or internal) effects on the body that occur with other methods of contraception ( side effects from hormones, spirals, etc.);
• if other methods of contraception are excluded for a woman due to individual characteristics, then PPA will be an ideal method of contraception.

There have been many reported cases of PPA use in which couples did not notice a serious problem. They just did not think why this method works so effectively in their case, while other couples have punctures at every step.

Desires matched

It turned out that it was not the method of protection that saved the couple from pregnancy, but the infertility of one of the partners.

For those who have chosen the PPA method and are not going to change it, it is necessary to take advice from an experienced gynecologist, who will prescribe a spermogram examination.

What to do in case of an unplanned pregnancy

In the overwhelming majority of cases, pregnancy is always happiness and incredible joy from future motherhood.

However, there are situations when pregnancy is undesirable for one or both partners.
It is important to immediately pay attention to even a short delay in menstruation, the appearance of early dates pain in the abdomen, lower back and other painful sensations.
It is the pains during pregnancy that often tell a woman that fertilization has occurred. In the early stages, you can painlessly solve the problem of unwanted conception.

If a woman has made it to 12 weeks, then there is only one way out - to give birth to a baby.

Professionals in the field of gynecology from all over the world unanimously came to a very interesting conclusion: "The choice of a method of contraception should be selected not only taking into account the state of health, but also based on the intellectual level of the woman!"

This wording does not in any way have an offensive connotation.

It's just that obstetricians-gynecologists believe that contraception should correspond to the lifestyle of a girl or a mature woman.

No difficulty in receiving

1. If punctuality is a woman's personality trait, then oral contraceptives are the way to go.
2. Girls who have a permanent relationship can use physiological methods of protection.
3. Mature ladies who are not pregnant for the first time or already have a child (or children), a long-term method of contraception is suitable, for example, a spiral, tubal ligation, etc.
4. Ladies leading a free lifestyle, in which there is a frequent change of partners, it is recommended to use not only contraceptives, but also to protect themselves from STIs, HIV / AIDS.

Prevention measures

In general, preventive measures are reduced to the correct attitude towards sexual intimacy and largely depend on the upbringing of the girl.

1. Good sexual knowledge, education in some way.
2. The use of only proven methods of contraception of sufficient effectiveness.
3. The contraceptive should be selected by a qualified gynecologist, and not by a cave-like method - by poking.
4. In the unfortunate circumstances of unwanted pregnancy, it is necessary to ensure the safety and legality of abortion procedures for oneself, which is fully related to the qualifications and professional skills of the doctor.
5. Obtaining high-quality and professional advice, recommendations, as well as medical care after an abortion.

: Borovikova Olga

gynecologist, ultrasound doctor, geneticist