Homemade mini tractors are ideal for cultivating small plots of land. Almost anyone who is at least a little versed in technology can assemble a mini tractor with their own hands.
According to technical characteristics, homemade products are significantly inferior to factory models. But using a powerful tractor in small areas is at least not rational. Even the cost of maintenance and fuel and lubricants will not be justified. But a small tractor, assembled with your own hands, is very appropriate. In this article, we will tell you how to make a mini tractor at home.
Advantages and disadvantages of homemade mini tractors
A do-it-yourself mini-tractor is much cheaper than factory models, and in terms of its functionality it can sometimes give odds to more powerful tractors. Home-made can be used in vegetable gardens and orchards, for processing sown areas (not exceeding 10 hectares), transporting small loads and harvesting.
The cost of such a machine pays off in just one season, because the main components and mechanisms are usually removed from broken equipment or purchased at bargain prices. Some farmers convert other equipment into a mini-tractor. In this case, the manufacturing process of equipment is greatly simplified.
Among the shortcomings can be noted the difficulty in the selection of suitable parts. In addition, if some components fail, there may be problems with replacement or repair. After all, whatever one may say, the tractor is assembled from junk, so some details cannot be found.
To prepare drawings, you must have technical skills and knowledge. After all, a mini-tractor must work with attachments and trailers, for this it is necessary to calculate the engine tractive effort.
Advice! A mini-tractor assembled with your own hands must be registered with the traffic police. Otherwise, when leaving on the road, a homemade product may go to a penalty parking lot, and you will be issued a fine.
We prepare drawings
Some craftsmen are able to assemble any technique, having only a bunch of old iron and a general work plan that is kept in mind. There are only a few such people, and if you are not one of them, you must first prepare drawings of the main components of the future machine.
If you do not have the necessary knowledge, you can ask friends or acquaintances to make drawings. Finally, the necessary information can be found on the Internet.
Having the drawings at hand, assembling a mini-tractor at home will resemble a children's designer. That is, you take part A and connect it to coupling B.
It is worth noting that some of the components and parts that the homemade product will consist of may need to be adjusted or additionally processed. Agree, explaining to a turner or welder what is required of them is much more convenient not on the fingers, but having a ready-made project and drawings at hand.
By the way, at this stage, you need to decide what kind of mini-tractor you want to make with your own hands. The 4x4 break is very popular with farmers. This is a small model on an articulated (breaking) frame, with four-wheel drive. This homemade product is best suited for work on farms.
How to assemble a mini tractor with your own hands
Having prepared diagrams and drawings, you need to find suitable parts. At a minimum, you will need an engine, transmission, frame, and steering. Finding the right parts at home is very problematic, so you can take a walk through the flea market and look through sites selling spare parts. Here you can literally buy the parts you need for a penny.
Frame
The fracture is usually made from a metal channel No. 5 or No. 9. The structure of this material has a sufficient margin of bending strength. From the channel, two half-frames are welded, which are interconnected by a hinged joint. For these purposes, you can use cardan shafts from trucks.
If the fracture does not suit you, you can make a mini-tractor on an all-metal frame. Such a design usually consists of four elements: the right and left side members, the front and rear traverses.
Spars can be made from channel No. 10, rear and front traverse from channels No. 16 and No. 12, respectively. A metal bar can be used as a transverse beam.
Engine
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Transmission
For work, a do-it-yourself mini-tractor can be equipped with any engine of suitable power. The best option is a power plant with a capacity of 40 horsepower.
Most often, M-67, MT-9, UD-2 and UD-4 engines are installed on home-made units. There are models equipped with an engine from domestic passenger cars of the Zhiguli or Moskvich series.
If the homemade product is made according to the 4x4 formula, for the M-67 unit it will be necessary to increase the gear ratio of the transmission, otherwise the power plant will not have enough power to provide the necessary force for the wheelsets. Please note that the power package may require an additional cooling system.
Transmission
The gearbox and power take-off shaft can be removed from the GAZ-53. The clutch will fit from the old GAZ-52. In finished form, these knots will not fit, additional fitting will be required.
To synchronize the clutch with the engine, you will need to weld a new clutch basket and fit it to the required dimensions. At the engine flywheel, it will be necessary to shorten the rear plane and drill an additional hole in the center. These operations can be done on a lathe.
Steering
This assembly should include hydraulic cylinders, this will provide the mini-tractor with better handling. It is impossible to make a hydraulic system at home with your own hands. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the ready-made hydraulic system from any agricultural machinery. Please note that a pump is needed to circulate the oil in the hydraulics.
rear axle
You can take a suitable unit from a car and a truck and install it on a home-made structure. It is first necessary to shorten the axle shafts on a lathe.
If there is no finished bridge, a composite structure from different machines is allowed. The front axle is not driving, so any node that fits in size will do.
wheels
The radius of the wheels depends on how the mini-tractor will be used. For transporting loads, discs with a radius of 13 to 16 inches are best suited. To perform agricultural work, you will need wheels of 18-24 radius.
A self-made mini-tractor should give out about 2,000 engine revolutions when plowing, at a speed of 3 km / h. To achieve such indicators, it is necessary to adjust the transmission scheme.
Ideally, each wheel of the driven rear axle should be equipped with a separate reduction gear. In this case, the rotation is set by a four-section hydraulic distributor.
With this steering scheme, there is no need for a driveshaft and rear axle differential. Hydraulics will be responsible for steering the wheels. The necessary equipment (pump and hydraulic cylinder) can be borrowed from the MTZ-80 tractor.
As you can see, making a mini tractor with your own hands is not difficult at all. Despite the fact that this is a rather time-consuming process, the result will more than cover all the efforts expended. Moreover, assembling a home-made structure is a very exciting activity.