He is always present at home - as part of our culinary arsenal. By sending prosaic "laurel" into the pan, few people think about her origin. And between those, the dried leaves are the gift of wood, in the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean considered sacred.
Laurus Nobilis, noble laurel, is not in vain wearing title. In my homeland, this is a static handsome man in almost twenty-meter height, living over three hundred years. In addition to the exquisite fragrance, its leaves have a number of healing properties. After setting the houses of the cult tree of Ellinov, we will find, except for the freshest seasoning, a tool of health. And at the same time - an interesting detail of the interior: the laurel, well-kept properly, looks very stylish.
Ensured Patricia
Contrary to noble status, the Lavr is not distinguished by excessive claims to the conditions of life. Compared, for example, with citrus, care for it is quite simple.
LAVR - plastic plant. Wood form, as it moves to the mountains, goes into a squat shrub and instead of obese soils, is content with the rock soil. But since the indoor conditions themselves are an uncharacteristic medium for loving wood, all other parameters would not closer to the comfort zone.
World Wood Light
In natural conditions, the Lavra is open to all winds and get a complete dose of insolation. Homemade Lavra willingly justices around the southern window and will not object to direct rays. Western and eastern exposure are also acceptable, except that the tree branch will become somewhat weaker.
Does the Lavr shade? Many sources argue that yes. And in a sense, it is:
- The young laurel is shadowing than adult.
- When the plant is at rest, it can be set to the northern windows.
The entire warm period of the Lavr can spend in the open air. Replacing a seedling on a brighter light, you should take care of a light screen, otherwise the leaves and even the bark will receive a burn.
Do not turn the pot with the laurel, trying to all parts of the crown to receive their dose of light: trees are oriented regarding the magnetic poles of the planet and the offset is perceived as stress.
Temperature
The seasonal schedule is more natural and preferable than content in smooth room conditions. Daily fluctuations are welcome. In general, the temperature regime is:
- winter - from 7 to 10 degrees Celsius;
- spring-summer period - 17 ° C at night and 25 ° C or slightly higher in daytime (that is, the usual range of the middle strip).
If possible, the spring laurel put on the terrace, a balcony or endure into the garden. Return it under the roof when the night temperatures will be devastated below plus three.
Even subtropics occasionally, but are harsh. Especially in the mountains. Lavra easily tolerate small, up to minus five degrees, negative temperatures for quite a long time. In the regions with a mild climate they winter in unheated greenhouses. Can withstand short-term drop to minus ten and lower. The main thing is that the wind does not join the cold, carrying dehydration and death: Sleeping roots do not drive moisture up, and the leaves continue, at least a little, but evaporate.
Soil and fertilizer
The main condition - the soil should be lightweight well drained. For a laure, any universal primer is suitable for sale. To make an soil mixture personally, it will be necessary:
- land leaf - one piece;
- the land is ferot - one piece;
- sand quartz - two parts;
- humid or compost is one part.
Recipe on the occasion::
The substrate reaction must be neutral. If a peat is used as a tear, then pH balance, adding some wood ash.
The laurel is not so easy to succumb to root rot, but still it is better to disinfect the soil, warming about twenty in the oven. Temperature is close to the boiling point, but not higher, so as not to destroy the entire useful microflora.
Selecting the container, take into account that its dimensions directly affect the growth rate of the tree. Than it is volume, the higher the annual increase. If you plan to preserve the laurel miniature, excessive scope of roots to anything.
Transplant when the roots fully fill the available volume and are shown in drainage holes. The next pot take the diameter of only two centimeters is wider than the previous one.
The frequency of transfers depends on age:
- from year to three - annually, early spring or at the end of the vegetation;
- from three to five years - every two years, on the same time.
The root com reduced the bottom, removing about a third. For the laurel, the loss of the lower part of the root system is not particularly tangible, since its main mass is based in the upper horizons. Without forgetting about drainage, fills the remaining place with fresh soil. It is useful to immediately enrich it with an organic - for example, add a tablespoon of fishing flour.
Please note: Laurel roots are shallow. Swimming is carried out carefully, and even better to cover the rolling circle of mulch. For some reason, pots with the laure are especially attracted cats. Color pebbles will serve as an additional decoration, and at the same time it will save from the four-legged "farms".
Lavra is a slow-growing tree. From the sixth year of life, it can not be replant at all, but only replacing the upper (2-3 cm) of the soil layer.
The testimony for an extraordinary transplant serves as losing the leaves of a pleasant leather gloss - a sign that the substrate is "tired."
Exhaustion will not happen if a timely maintain the forces of the tree fertilizers. During intensive vegetation, universal complexes for deciduous plants are used according to the instructions. Laurel seedling feed once every two weeks, an adult tree is a month.
Laurel has a pause that originally accounted for a summer drought. This timeout should be taken into account when carrying out all care operations, including when making fertilizers.
Water
The drought-resistant laurel is not particularly picky to the irrigation regime. It is necessary to proceed from the fact that the lack of water is transferred easier than its excess. If, immersing a finger into the soil, moisture do not feel - it's time to water. Seasonality is also important. In the spring and at the beginning of the summer, young shoots consume more water, in the winter the earthlings only slightly moisturize.
It should be completely excluded in the roots.
Excess water from the pallet is removed immediately. Or fill the pallet with gravel so that the bottom of the container relied on its layer.
Spraying will go to the laurel benefit - the leaves will be glossy, with a beautiful texture. Water takes soft so that it does not leave the whims of the lime. You can diversify "water treatments" - in the heat, along with sprinkle, pamper the village of the shower of room temperature. The above is fair if the plant gets enough sunlight. In those are contained in the shade, the leaves are wiping with a damp cloth, and this is enough.
Where the air is rehensited (in air-conditioned rooms), it is advisable to provide a minimal "water mirror" for Lavra. Will this aquarium or pallet, filled with wet pebbles, depends on the taste and ingenuity of the owner.
Reproduction: One Laurea is good ...
... and two, if we're wearing their trunks in the spiral, turn into fashionable topiary.
Get the planting material of the Laurel in several ways:
- cuttings;
- dividing bush;
- air chains;
- seeds;
- vaccination
Shining laurel
The most efficient way is the shilling. The material can serve as part of the branches removed during the cropping process. Or fat shoots (wolf, or in English "Sosks"), which are periodically formed at the base of the strain. Semi-respected shoots cut out the scout in such a way that there are 2-3 healthy kidneys on each. The lower leaves are removed, the upper sheet plates are reduced by half.
Rooted in wet sand, sphagnum or calcined soil. You can use perlite, vermiculitis and other artificial substrates. The sour Wednesday is undesirable - the roots will appear, but they will develop sluggishly. Peat is recommended to pre-soak. Good idea - fertile soil under the sand layer. Fur, fixing in a safe environment, penetrated into a more feed area.
Planted at an angle, pre-accumulating the bottom of the root formation. Without the use of heteroacexin, Kornin or Zircon will have to wait three to four months. Preparations will save a third of time, and even half.
Hold the cuttings in warm and multiple light protected from drafts and evenly moistened. Best is the cover of mini-greenhouse. Six months later, young plants are ready to occupy personal vases.
Delivery of bush and grain
The division of the bush is carried out in autumn or early in the spring, when the plant is in the sleep phase. They share right - that each of the branches get some of the viable roots.
Interesting way - air chains. On a healthy shoot, there are several notches and, with a rhodic hormone, wrapped in sphagnum. As an option, a plastic bag with a substrate is fixed on the stem. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe cuts will appear roots. When the substrate is permeated with them, the decoding is separated from the main stem.
Laurel of seeds
Blooming the home Lavra can, but the seeds are unlikely to give. It is a savory plant, and it is not a fact that a copy of the opposite sex will be near. Nevertheless, the seeds of a noble laurel (fresh, after two or three months they lose their germination) can be brought from the trip. They germinate what is called, painfully long. From six months or more. However, patience will be rewarded. Laurea of \u200b\u200bseed origin is durable (fifty years of life against twenty in those that are obtained vegetative way). In addition, appearing from the seed in the room environment, it adapted to it as much as possible.
When the vaccination is needed
Laurel reproduction by vaccination is used when replicating decorative forms. They are not so much, but they are:
- Laurus nobilis f. Aurea - young leaves painted in gentle-golden color;
- Angustifolia - with narrow long leaves resembling IVI or Ivan tea;
- Undulata - with corrugated edges of the leaves.
There is another kind of laurel, Laurus Azorica (Azoresky, or Canary). Its leaves are somewhat smaller, and the shoots are pubescent. For enthusiasts: You can try to instill L. Azorica at a less soothered Mediterranean fellow.
Pests and diseases
Healthy Lavra has little threatening - fresh leaves are so saturated with essential oils that hunters are not located. On the contrary, they themselves serve as a repeller.
The shield is settled there, where insufficient moisturizing. The colonies of the playlock are written, the plant is washed by the infusion of garlic. Normalize conditions, feed the laurel, and then he will cope himself. Similarly, the whiteflinkle is detected.
Infected specimens are subject to mandatory insulation!
Fungal infections in the form of various spotlights are affected by the laurel with a lack of sunlight and fresh air, in an excessively wet medium. And also, if the soil was screened. It is recommended to remove the affected leaves (not scary if the tree is completely denied), change the substrate and optimize the conditions.
Noble, stylish and useful
Lavr - true interior decoration. Organically, as he should, fits into the Mediterranean style.
With the help of trimming, and its laurend tolerates it is worth it, a young treet can be given whatever shape. Classic is considered a spherical and cone-shaped. Particularly elegantly laurels in the shape of a ball, on a high strap.
Laurel trimming should be started - then the crown it will be thick and symmetrical. Terms are not rigidly limited, but it is best to work in the spring in the spring, before the awakening of the kidneys. Or at the end of the current increase.
The plant is easier to transfer more frequent, but less intense pruning.
The svolik can be formed as direct (for this it is tested to the peg) and spiral-shaped. The second is achieved with a special wire. Through weaving, you can turn a curtain of several laurels to an art object.
He will set the tone in the "Aromas Garden". It is enough to plant a rosemary, lavender and oregano (that is, the soulsman). His dark green foliage will become a great background for other plants.
Laurel is the most powerful source of phytoncides. Moreover, the characteristic fragrance in the usual setting is not detected - for this, the seasoning is required to be addicted. If you lose a living leaf, it will exude a thin smell, a little sweet and with a nutmeg. In Western Europe, the Lavr is often called "sweet."
We care for him, and he, in response, for us. The presence of a laurel in the house will reduce the likelihood of migraine. And - not in vain, talent is associated with a laurel wreath - improve the blood supply to the brain, gently affecting the vessels by all the same phytoncides. His infusion will calm down pain in the joints, and the softened fresh leaves will heal the wound better than the plantain. There are hundreds of folk recipes based on Lavra.
But the most interesting thing is that this is a laconic tree, not possessing neither fringe leaves nor exquisite colors, in itself creates a good mood.
***
Bay leaf from the store and the one that is grown with their own hands - what is called, the sky and the earth. You should use the leaves dried for 48 hours to remove excess bitterness. The older sheet, the richer his bouquet.
| 1. Growing temperature: During the growing season is grown at a normal room temperature ranging from 18 to 25 degrees Celsius. In winter, it is necessary to provide a cool period of rest at a temperature of about 13 degrees Celsius. |
| 2. Lighting: Laurel can swim in the sun's rays in the morning and evening. In the spring and summer from the direct sun in the afternoon it is better to protect with a light curtain. |
| 3. Watering and humidity: Drink the ground between watering a few centimeters deep in the spring and summer. In the fall and in winter, just protect the land com from complete drying. Air humidity is better to increase slightly. |
| 4. Trimming: With the help of formative cropping from the laurel, the trees can be raised the most diverse shape. Even the cardinal trimming of this plant is not terrible. |
| 5. Priming: Well-drained, rich and organic soil with sufficient nutrients and neutral or slightly alkaline pH. |
| 6. Podkord: In the period of growth and flowering, we feed fertilizers for decorative plants every month. In the fall, the feeding stops until the onset of spring. |
| 7. Reproduction: Stroke and top cuttings, rooted in spring and summer, less often - seeds in spring. |
Botanical name: Laurus.
Homemade Lavra - Family . Lavra.
Motherland Plants. Azores and Canary Islands, Mediterranean.
Description - A small genus, consisting of two types of slowly growing evergreen shrubs and trees with stability, green, dark green shiny, leathery, very dense and fragrant leaves of 6 - 12 centimeters long and 2 to 4 centimeters width. The edges of leafy plates are sometimes wavy. The plant blooms pale - yellow small flowers with a diameter of about 1 centimeter, they are located in pairs, in the sinuses of the leaves. Flowers are male and female. The laurel is noble fruit with round shiny black berries with a diameter of about 1 centimeter on long stiffs. Each berry contains only one seed.
Height. In culture, the height of the laurel plant is easy to adjust using trimming.
2. Lavad - care at home
2.1. Baselies and pests
The plant can be understood when an excess of moisture. The laurel loses the leaves when it is too warm in the winter in winter - take a bushing in a cooler room. False powdery dew appears when weaving in cool conditions. Sheet plates can get burns when exposed to direct sunlight.
From harmful insects, plants can be attacked by a shield, bypass tinges and mild cereals, aphid. Sometimes rainworms fall into the pot.
Insects - pests
| Name of insect | Signs of infection | Measures of struggle |
| Mealybug or felt boy | The surface of the leaves and shoots is covered with fluffy with apparatus white bloom. Plants are lagging behind in development | Folk remedies: spraying with soap-alcohol solution. Well showed themselves infusion of tobacco, garlic, cyclamen tubers, alcohol processing, pharmacy tincture calendula. Chemicals: Green soap solution, accility, phytodeterm. |
| An unimproved web on the leaves, the yellowing and focus of foliage with an extensive lesion. The surface of the sheet plates becomes dead and covered with small cracks. Plant development slows down. | Folk ways. Plants can be rinsed under the shower and leave in the bathroom in a wet atmosphere for half an hour. Exposure to the ultraviolet lamp every week for 2 minutes. Chemicals Based on pyrethrum, sulfur powders, phytodeterm, accility. | |
| Adhesive droplets appear on the sheet plates, the leafy plates are folded and deformed, gentle buds and young leaflets are flashed. On the tops of the shoots, buds or the lower side of the sheet plates, you can see insect colonies. Flowers of affected colley plants can be deformed. | Folk ways: Nasty nettle, decoction of rhubarb leaves, wormwood, soap solution, tobacco and dandelion and dandelion, onion, velvetsev, yarrow, pyzhma, dubbing of gyrefish. Chemicals: Sulfur powders, treatment with green potash soap of green mass without getting into the ground, decis, accility, phytodeterm. | |
| Shield and false school | Adhesive droplets on the leaves, yellow small stains on the surface of the leaf plates. With the large propagation of the shield, they contribute to drying and falling out the leaves. Flowers slow down their development | Folk methods of struggle. Spraying with soap-alcohol solution. The larvae of the shields do not like the inferior of garlic, and uses on the basis of pyrethrum. Chemicals. PhyTeerm, Aktellik, Fufanon. |
| The appearance of land lumps on the surface of the substrate or in the pallet, under the pot | Folk ways: It will help to get rid of the rain worm diving pot with a plant in a large container filled with warm water with a temperature of about 50 ° C. Insects that appeared on the surface of the earth must be collected by hand, abundant irrigated by the mustard solution. Chemicals: In the fight against earthworms, ordinary manganese can help - we like a weak solution of the flower soil. |
2.2. Indication of room laurel
To maintain a beautiful, neat lavr shape annually crossed, which it goes very well. With the help of pruning plants, you can almost any height and shape - pyramidal, rounded, square. Pruning the plant transfers persistently and willingly gives side shoots. If possible, try to endure the laure in the summer and spring on fresh air.
2.3.Razznogo
The laurel spreads seeds in winter or at the beginning of spring. Containers with seedlings must be placed in a warm place with a temperature of 17 - 20 degrees Celsius. Seeds are sown in a loose nutritious ground. The laurel also multiplies vegetatively with the help of stroke and top semi-respens of heaven. The cuttings are rooted in a nutritional and loose soil using growth hormones under the shelter from transparent plastic, plastic film or glass. In the water, the laurel cuttings do not allow roots.
2.4. The day of Lavra
These plants feel good when they are slightly crammed by the pot, but the need for transplant occurs approximately every two years. The need for a transplant will say roots, which appeared in the drainage holes of the pot. The transplant is carried out in the spring, while changing the size of the pot is not necessary. In large plants, the upper layer of soil 5 centimeters is changed annually on fresh. When landing, it is necessary to observe the landing depth, in which the laurel was in the former soil.
2.5. After growing
Laurry prefers nutritional soils with a sufficiently large content of organic, for example, based on peat, sheet humus with the addition of large river sand to improve drainage. Sand can be up to a quarter of the total volume of the mixture. The soil must have a neutral or low-alkaline reaction of the pH.
2.6.The blossoms
In the culture blooms rarely.
2.7.The winning, backlight
Laurry prefers to be in a brightly illuminated place without direct sunlight, especially hot summer days. In winter, it also needs good lighting, but if the room temperature drops to 5 - 7 ° C, then the plant will stop its development and the lighting will not play any role. If the laurel is enough light, it looks more thick and abundantly branching.
2.8.The content of content
The laurel grows well at a normal room temperature in the spring-summer period, however, from November to February, the plant must provide a cool period of peace and take it into room with a temperature of about 13 degrees Celsius.
2.9. Laurel
The laurel is fed only during the period of active growth, every month with mineral fertilizers for decorative plants. The plant responds well to organic feeding.
2.11. Watering
In the spring and summer, watering should be abundant - until the earthen coma is completely washed. Between irrigations, the soil is dried by several centimeters in depth. In winter, watering is reduced to such an extent to prevent the soil cut. On the need for another watering plant will tell us with the help of leaves, slightly lost the tour. For irrigation, a relaxed water temperature is used. After irrigated, excess moisture from the pallet is immediately removed.
2.12.Name
Leaves of this plant have long been used to prepare a variety of dishes.
2.13. Use
Maybe a lot of years to live in a closed room and feel good if it gets proper care. Brilliant, fragrant leaves of Laurel were once used by the ancient Romans and Greeks for the manufacture of wreaths, which were decorated with head champions of sports games and wins winners. Laurel essential oil is used in the production of perfumery.One of the useful properties is that the plant highlights special substances in the air - phytoncides, helping to fight bacteria and viruses. The fragrance of laurel leaves tones, relieves fatigue, the leaves of the plant are able to facilitate colic in young children.
Hydroponics.
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In pursuit of a beautiful appearance, you can stumble upon a beautiful laurel tree. An additional effect on its cultivation in the room will be a pleasant aroma, and a bonus - protection against bloodsowing insects!
LAVR (from Lat. Laurus) is a low evergreen plant of the Lavrov family. The most common and popular is the laurel of the Nobilis variety or noble. The homeland of this tree is the Mediterranean region, where he then spread through the subtropical part of Europe. In Russia, it is often found in the southern part of the Krasnodar Territory and in the Crimea.
Views of Laurel
Noble (with lat. Laurus Nobilis)
- Under the conditions of open air and soil grows up to 12 meters high. It has a pleasant and strong aroma of leaves.
Canary, as of Azor (with lat. Laurus Azorica)
- The tree is even higher, reaching 15 meters in height. Leaves are larger than noble, have a wavy edge, but the aroma is somewhat weaker than that of his brother. 
How to care for the laurel noble at home?
Lighting
First of all, choose a bright place, preferably with a bright scattered light - Eastern or Western window, a spacious ventilated balcony without direct sunlight. Then you need to choose the soil and prepare the plant itself - to germinate seeds, root a stalk or root chain, or take already a grimied bush in a flower shop.
The soil
The tree is unpretentious to the soil, but it is better to choose a light soil for a room laurel - for example, a mixture of garden land with sand in a 5: 1 ratio. When buying a soil in the store, pay attention to the mixtures for indoor palm trees or cacti - they are also suitable in composition. The nobilis homemade laurel is better in the pots of small size, gradually changing them - the young plant is recommended to transplant regularly.
Temperature and watering
At home, the laurel care is quite simple. After the small tree was rooted and grown, it is important to provide him with comfortable conditions and the right regular watering. In the summer, the laurel is watered with water with a temperature of 25-30 degrees. If the tap water in your region is too hard, first you need to filter or boil. Fill the plant should not be - too wet soil harm is much stronger than the skinny earth, and even can kill the tree. In especially hot days, you can also twice a day (in the morning and evening) spray leaves from the spray gun. It will help to wash off the leaves dust and dirt and reduce the likelihood of pests.
In winter, the Lavra ordinary prefers special care for it: a relatively low temperature is +15 degrees at room humidity. Therefore, it is recommended to remove the pot with a plant away from the heating devices, leaving on a cool windowsill or insulated, but not heated loggia. Watering in the winter is usually a less intense - enough pairs once a week.
Fertilizer
Caring for the laurel noble at home includes feeding during a rapid growth. For this purpose, ready-made mineral or organic fertilizers for home plants are used as special "LAVR" and intended for cacti and palm trees. The frequency of feeding is up to two times a month.
Transfer and passing
The laurel transplant is carried out, depending on the age of the plant, - once a year for a young tree and in a year or two - for older wood. Perform it better in spring before the start of the active period. The cultivation of a laurel is usually produced in small pots, each new pot is selected by 5-6 centimeters more in diameter. Laurel Change at home occurs in the following order: First, the root com removed from the old pot and gently shakes part of the Earth; Then shift into a new pot with a bottom drainage and half filled with soil; The roots neatly straighten, fall asleep the earth and compact so that the tree holds firmly. It is important not to pour too many land, keeping the same relative level as in the old pot. If you do everything right, Laurea will go into growth with a new force, continuing to delight with its beauty and aroma. 
Reproduction
How to grow from seeds?
Growing a laurel from seeds at home is not difficult process, but you need to be patient. Seeds can maintain an hour before the year after aging on the tree, but this is possible only when complying with the right storage conditions, so they are most often recommended that after 3 months. Before boarding, you can remove from the seedlings "shell" - spindles, it will speed up the process of germination. The bone laurel at home without preprocessing is sprinkled quite slowly - sometimes sprouts can remain in the ground until six months. It is not worth a despair, it is only important to periodically water the soil. When the seedlings are punctured and unfold two or three sheets, it comes to dive - the plants dig up and pinch the root for 2/3 of length. After this procedure, laurel seedlings are planted for permanent "place of residence".
How to grow from a cutter?
If among your friends already have a flower water, growing a laurel, a new seedling can be obtained from the old tree by shifting. The most appropriate time to reproduce the room laurel with cuttings - spring, but if necessary, root the cuttings in summer, and in the fall. The twigs are cut into a length of 6-8 cm (two or three interstices) with irrevocated, but not yet unreserved young shoots. Then, for a day, they are kept in a solution of heteroacexin or manganese for a better rooting, after which they are injected into the ground on half of the length and care the same as in the case of the cultivation of the laurel of the bone. 
Visual design
The formation of a laurel at home is simple and, one might say, an optional process. A regular neat trimming creates a beautiful crown shape and enhances branching, due to something even a small room, make a similar on the rold street fellow, giving the appropriate appearance, pyramids or classical straak. 
Pest
Among the pests of the laurel room more often there are plates, web ticks, milders, cherberies and aphids. At the first signs of the unhealthy of the tree: massively fallen leaves of yellow or gray, white web on the leaves and branches, damage to the crust and sprouts of the plant, you need to immediately begin its isolation from healthy neighbors. The shield damages almost all the plant: and leaves and sprigs and trunk. With a weak infection of pests, it is possible to remove with the help of a mile solution with a soap solution, and the insecticides of the accuters or carbofos are needed (after such treatment, the leaves become unsuitable for eating). A web tick appears on a tree in dry rooms with high air temperature. The signal to the tick is the gray color of the fallen leaves whose juice is powered. The TLL goes to Nobilis from other plants, including those brought from the garden. To combat it, it is recommended to use tobacco beam with soap, which repeatedly spray a plant.
Diseases
The deplorable state of the home laurels causes irregular care at home. Excessive irrigation leads to spotlights on the leaves and rotting roots, and insufficient watering leads to the yellowing of the leaves. In winter, without proper leaving, the tree can fall out.
Application
At home, the laurel noble some hostesses are grown as spice, fresh and affordable. The leaves of the plant have a pleasant aroma and bitter taste that is good suitable for fish and meat. They are often found in the composition of soups, second dishes, autumn blanks. The light smell of the terrain essential oil refresses the air and helps reduce the number of insects in the room - for example, it does not like mosquitoes. Lavra home unpretentious in leaving and without any problems is leaving in a variety of apartments. With proper care, this decorative and deciduous plant will delight with its beauty and aroma over the years.
Rail the overseas spice on her windowsill? There is nothing easier! Contents1 Plant Description2 where it grows3 species4 Use5 Useful properties and ...
The laurel tree is used in interior design, landscaping street flower beds and creating decorative compositions. The laurel varies with the form of a sheet and sizes, suitable for growing, both in room conditions and in the open soil.
The laurel is used in pharmacology, there are leaves and fruits, from which they subsequently make hoods, infancy and oils. The plant is widely used as a diuretic, eliminates the meteorism, intestinal colic, laurel ethers are derived from depressive states. Laurel leaves are used as seasonings.
Plant Description
The laurel tree comes from the family of evergreen plants of the Lavrovy family. For a long time, the laurel trees were grown in many subtropical countries.
Laurel includes three types: camphor, noble and Azores.
The tree contains essential oils from 3.5 to 5.5%. The tree is downtown, with a thick crown, has a pyramid shape and evergreen foliage, tough and smooth. In nature reaches about 25 meters altitude.
Blossom begins in the spring, the tree is covered with umbrella, same-sex, sinewrite inflorescences of milk or pale yellow. The fruits are single-furnished fragrant busting of blue and black shades, ripening in autumn.
Ladut's life time is amazed, the tree can exist about three hundred years. The refined tree without proper care quickly seeks. Lavra leaves are considered one of the essential seasonings in brine and marinades.
Lavr is often found in Georgia, Greece, Crimea, Asia, in the Black Sea coast and the Transcaucasus.
Views of Laurel
The laurel tree is three species:
Camphor, Whose homeland is considered China. The plant is quite popular in Asia and India. This is an evergreen plant with rigid, lanceal, fleshy leaves, in Krapinka.
Flowering lasts about one and a half weeks, yellowish inflorescences.
The laurel tree contains a lot of camphor oil, most of the barrel and laurel wood is about 90%. Camphor's production is widespread in Japan and China, where the laurel chips and branches are obtained by distillation.
In addition to camphor oil, laurel leaves contain a large amount of selenium and tanning substances. Camphor oil is considered one of the best medicinal substances in the fight against heart disease, depressive states, for the prevention of infectious diseases.
Outward camphor oil is used for the rubbing of joints and bruises, as an anesthetic, distracting and anti-inflammatory agent.
Noble Lavra. The most common type of laurel tree, grows in the southern part of the country and on the Mediterranean. Lavra trees reach up to 5 meters high. Branches naked and fleshy.
Lancel type foliage, on a short cutter, with a glossy surface, an oblong shape. Laurel bloom comes in spring, lasts about a week. Inflorescences with small flowers, collected in yellow umbrellas.
The noble laure is used to compile decorative compositions and interior decorations. The noble type is unpretentious and resistant to drought, grows perfectly in pots in room conditions. The foliage is used to obtain essential oil and as a spice.
The winners of the noble laure were awarded the winners in ancient Greece, the plant was attributed to the divine origin.
Azores Lavra or Canary Lavra Tree. The birthplace of the plant is the Azores. Trees grow up to 12 meters in height with large leaves, dark green, 5.5 cm. In width.
Flowers in spring. Pale yellow inflorescences are collected in umbrellas and are located in foliage sinuses. Azor Lavra is often used for decorative design.
The most common varieties of the laurel tree are the laurel of a narrow and auto.
How to grow a laurel tree in a pot
For home cultivation, the noble view of the laurel tree is best. Timely care, trimming, watering and feeding essential parts of a healthy plant.
The best laurel tree is grown from a mature seed, southern breeds. A favorable time for planting laurel seeds is the end of winter - the beginning of spring, seeds should be seated in a specially prepared substrate.
To do this, mix with sand and peat in a ratio of 3: 1: 1, filled with a pot and plant a seedman at a depth of 1.5-2 cm.
The soil before landing should be disinfection, for this warm it up to 120 degrees in the oven.
For intensive growth, the trees will need a temperature not lower than +22 degrees. The first "fruits" of landing seeds of the laurel will be visible in the last 3.5 months.
Special preparation of seeds of laurels do not require, but it will not be superfluous to withstand them in a strong solution of potassium mangartee-cancer, during the day, to protect and increase the speed of the appearance of a sprout. Excessive watering are not required, it will be enough to water a seedman 3 times a week.
The pot with a seed must be installed on the sunny window sill and cover with a glass cover, for better heating of the soil, but do not forget to arrange the ventilation and follow so that in the ground, the fungus did not start at high moisture.
As soon as the first green sprout appears, the glass is removed and do not allow soil drying in the pot, but also not allowing moisture. It is worth taking care in advance by laying out clamzit or river pebbles to a pot and make drainage holes in the tank.
Special attention to the village requires in the first year of its existence, since during this period the young plant is too vulnerable and capricious. A good illuminated place, warmth, absence of draft and wealth of moisture is the first on the way to the healthy growth of evergreen laurel.
Avoid the protracted direct impact of sunlight on a young tree, otherwise foliage can fall, or withered. Better when the light is scattered or with variable solar activity. The shaded windowsill will not give Lavra to grow up wrench, the tree will begin to root and stretch up, sometimes give out ugly, long, bizarre forms of weed vegetation.
In the summer, the laurel tree can be left on the street, in places with a changed sun, the temperature of the special comfort of the tree fluctuates from +16 to +22 degrees. The daily spraying of the Laurel will respond with a thick, dark crown, glitter leaf and gains a wide trunk.
In the autumn months, the plant goes to the phase of rest, but just at that time the heating season comes, so the conditions for sleeping lavrushka must be recreated independently, artificial way. Either put the plant on the southern side of the insulated balcony, where the temperature would not lower below -3 degrees, or put in the illuminated room, but with a temperature not higher than +13 and maintain the temperature from November to the end of February.
How to care for a laurel tree
Lavra, like other plants, need care, and the young tree requires twice as much attention. The laurel tree does not like dry air and hot rooms, from this plant can yellow or reset the foliage.
Lavra for normal development and rapid growth is necessary for a lot of light, direct solar rays with variable activity should be a reliable satellite of a young plant.
In the summer, the plant needs to be taken out into the air, but the teaching to direct sunlight should occur smoothly to avoid possible sunburns. In winter, the laurel tree is kept indoors with scattered light at a reduced temperature.
The optimal temperature regime for the laurel tree is the indicators from +22 to +27 degrees. But during the wintering, the tree should be at a temperature not higher than +12 degrees.
Waterings should be carried out at least 3 times a week, but in hot weather more often. In winter, watering is limited and reduced to once a week.
Like any plant, the laurel tree prefers high humidity, so spraying is necessary. An alternative can serve as a container filled with a wet clay, which places a pot with a plant.
The feeding is carried out once every 3 months with mineral fertilizers.
Pruning the laurels is performed with the purpose of the transformation of the bush, in decorative purposes. The plant transfers safely.
The laurel tree can be given any form, however, a frequent trimming can harm the plant, therefore, it should be radically cropping a tree once, and then only to maintain a fallen shape. Frequent trimming can harm the laurel.
The laurel tree is slowly growing, however, as the pot is filling the roots, it needs a transplant. The need to transplant occurs every two years. The tree prefers not acidic soil with a neutral pH.
The laurel is watered to soften the soil and pull out from the pot together with the soil, the drainage from the ceramzit, the substrate from the delicate earth, mixed with sand and peat, is poured into a new pot of larger, mixed with sand and peat.
The laurel tree is multiplied with cuttings, seeds and division.
The billet of the cuttings is carried out in summer, the twigs must be mature, flexible, with several interstices, length 7-9 cm.
The prepared cuttings are planting in the dery ground to a depth of about 1 cm, and on top of the sand of 1.5 cm sand and constantly moisturize.
Standard temperature for better germination of the cutting is considered + 17-21 degrees. Planted cuttings are rooted for a month - one and a half, after, they can be resettled in ordinary pots at a permanent place of growth.
Transplanted cuttings should be sprayed, like adult trees, so that they give fastening faster and foliage. Cutting the cuttings are needed, they grow slowly, so to avoid exhaustion, the top layer of the soil should be changed to the fertile black soil or use mineral feeding.
Diseases and pests of laurels
The laurel is little susceptible to disease, but there are some malicious insects that can lead to the death of the plant.
For example: 
The insect settles on the surface of the sheet and gradually sucks juice. Outside it looks like in the form of a yellow or white spot that is constantly increasing in size, until it covers the entire sheet that tears and twists. The shields are distinguished by the color of the shell (shield), at the expense of which the pest was called. Insects are white and light yellow shade, they quickly multiply and settle down in neighboring plants. Therefore, it is very important to isolate an infected plant from healthy vegetation.
The shield does not die from the processing insecticides, the insect protects the shell. They can be removed only manually, getting rid of them treated Ankara bandage or infusion of garlic with vodka.
Processing should be carried out on all affected areas of the plant, with the replacement of the upper layer of the soil, to get rid of the possible presence in it larvae.
Another non-mea dangerous pest is a web tick. The petty insect, which is very difficult to see the naked eye, but the web in the pot and the white raid on the plant should alert.
Prevention will serve spraying the soil with a weak solution of manganese. In the lavetled state, the laurel tree is sprayed with insecticides or wipe the foliage with soap solution, followed by rinse.
Fungal disease accompanied by a black shade chained. Does not lead to the death of the plant, but it will noticeably spoil the appearance of the tree itself, hitting the foliage with black and large stains.
Fungicidal preparations for home plants can defeat the fungus, as well as the processing of bordeaux liquid.
In addition to pests, the laurel tree can reset the leaves or turn yellow to prevent the unwanted phenomenon of the tree must be sprayed, carry out weekly bathing. Take care of a long stay in the sun, make fertilizers, do not exceed the temperature mode, avoid stagnation of water in the pot.
If you observe all the above measures, a healthy plant will be happy to please the eye.
Lavr - Description
Rank lAVR (Lat. Laurus) The Lavrov family includes and has only 2 species. Growing on the Canary Islands and in the Mediterranean area. Up to forty types of Lavra at the moment there are currently in today's taxonomics in English.
Lavra is evergreen shrubs or trees. Simple leather leather to the touch, the edge of the sheet is solid and slightly wavy. Obschic inflorescences have the shape of an umbrella.
If the plant is good to care, then young copies can grow at high temperature and low humidity; Adult specimens with such conditions will grow badly.
Lavra landing and care
- Bloom: The plant is grown as decoratively deciduous.
- Lighting: Bright sunlight.
- Temperature: In the spring and summer - 20-26 ºC, in the fall, temperatures are gradually lowered to 12-15 ºC.
- Watering: During the growing season - regular and abundant, as soon as the upper layer of the substrate is dry. In the heat watered twice a day. With the onset of autumn, watering is reduced, and in winter they simply monitors that the substrate does not dry completely.
- Air humidity: High: In the heat, the plant needs to regularly spray and keep on the pallet with a wet clay.
- Feeding: During the growing season - once a month with complex mineral fertilizer. In winter, the laurel does not feed.
- People's period: From October to March.
- Transfer: Young plants - once every two years, adults - once every 3-4 years.
- Substrate: Two parts of the groundwater, two parts of the sheet and one part of the peat, the turf and sand.
- Pruning: Pruning is carried out in mid-August.
- Reproduction: Seeds, cuttings.
- Pests: Shields, pawless ticks, mild cereals.
- Diseases: Sent mushroom.
- Properties: The plant is a popular spice and has medicinal properties.
Read more about the cultivation of a laurel Read below
Lavr - Photo
Lovel care at home
Lighting
The laurel plant at home quietly tolerates straight sun rays, so it feels well on southern windows with bright lighting. In the summer, the laure is best to carry out on fresh air. Despite the fact that the Lavr normally transfers the straight sun rays, after wintering or immediately after buying a plant, it is involved in the sun gradually to prevent the appearance of sunburn. In winter, the plant contains in a cool and bright place.
Temperature
The optimal temperature in the summer is 20-26 ° C. Starting from autumn, the temperature should be gradually reduced, and in winter, so that wintering has passed as painless, the temperature should be in the range of 12-15 ° C.
Watering Lavra
In the summer, the home laurel should be abundantly watering with soft water as soon as the upper layer of the soil sounds. You can watered a couple of times a day if the temperature is very high. From autumn, watering is reduced, and in the winter they water only 2-3 days after drying the upper layer of the soil.
Spraying Lavra
The plant of the laurel is necessary high humidity - it needs to be constantly sprayed with extrasted water. It will not be superfluous to put a pot with a plant on a pallet with a moistened clay and peat, following the bottom of the pot being immersed in water.
Undercaming Lavra
Lavra's indoor plant during the growing season you need to make mineral fertilizers every month.
Pruning Lavra
Room Lavra Crop can be - they are well tolerated haircut. It is possible a plant to give any shape. It is necessary to cut when the growth stops, usually - in mid-August. Those eyes that remained on the plant, until the winter will well develop, and when the spring will begin the growth of the plant - they will give shoots. Cutting the laurel in the spring, you need to remove strong eyes on the top, and from the remaining weaker eyes the increase will be small.
Transplant Lavra
Growing the laurel flower slowly. Approximately once every two years need to transplant young plants if the roots filled the pot completely, and adult plants - once every 3-4 years. An earthy mixture is made of leaf, humid, turf, sand and peat (2: 2: 1: 1: 1). The substrate must be neutral or weakly alkaline. Because The Lavr's indoor plant grows well in small pots, then it is worth it in a pot, which are no more than 2 cm more in the diameter of the previous one. The size of the pipes increase no more than 5 cm. Do not forget to build a quality drainage at the bottom of the pot.
Laurel of seeds
The laboratory seeds are singered in the spring in pots, plates or boxes with soil mixture of two parts of the sheet and the turf and one part of the sand. When sowing, the soil temperature should be at least 18 ° C. In the phase of one or two leaves, seedlings are picked at a distance of 2 cm from each other in the same substrate. When the laurel seedlings are fixed, they are transplanted by one to individual pots of 7 cm in diameter into a substrate from 4-piece delicate land, 2-piece sheet, 1st part of peat and sand. Young plants should grow regularly watering and spraying at a temperature of from 10 to 12 ° C in a lit place.
Laurel reproduction with cuttings
When reproducing cuttings, shoots cut or in April or early summer. The cuttings should not be widespread, have 2-3 interstices and length up to 8 cm. Soot them to a depth of 1.5 cm at a distance of 10 cm apart after shortening the leaves. The soil mixture consists of two parts: from above poured in 2-3 cm sand, and below three or four centimeters of the turf. Laurel cuttings should be rooted somewhere in 30 days; Temperature must be kept at 16-20 ° C. After the cuttings are allowed root, they are planted into 7-centimeter pots - the substrate and the care is the same as during the reproduction of seeds.
Therapeutic properties of Lavra
Leaves have a stimulating effect and are spice. The laurel leaf stimulates the output of the fluids from the body, is used in hysteria and colic. Also, leaves and fruits are used in meteorism.
When localized tumors in folk medicine use exhaust from any parts of the plant as an anti-cancer. With the help of the same extracts, care for the skin of the face. The composition of ointments used in rheumatism include laurel oil.
From the dried laurel leaves, it is possible to prepare a tincture - crushed leaves are poured 40% or 70% alcohol in a ratio of 1 to 5. The capacitance is tightly closed and left to appease during the week at room temperature. After that, they are filtering and transfused into a bottle, which is stored in a dark cool place.
The highest level of essential oils in the laurel sheet is contained from November to December - it is at this time it is worth collecting a laurel leaves that will be used in cooking. The leaves are collected from four or five summer plants.
Diseases and pests of Lavra
Lavra turns yellow. Due to insufficient humidity, the leaves of the laure can become yellow and rolled. In this case, the humidity needs to be increased.