The topic of the article is a Mauerlat for a gable roof erected on a house made of aerated concrete. Let's talk about the importance of a Mauerlat in the construction of a roofing structure, about how to attach it to a wall made of gas silicate blocks, about the difficulties that you may encounter, about fasteners and more.
The popularity of aerated concrete houses
The construction of private houses built from aerated concrete blocks is at the peak of its popularity. And even there is a tendency that popularity will not decline lately. And the reasons are in the building material itself, which has a number of undeniable advantages:
large block sizes with low specific gravity of the material;
clear geometry, which makes it possible to reduce the fitting of blocks to each other;
use of special adhesive compositionwhich is applied thin layer, what reduces thickness seams to a minimum;
gas silicate walls are lightweight, which allows you to reduce the cost of forming the foundation;
the aerated concrete blocks themselves, belonging to the category of products made of aerated concrete, have good heat engineering characteristics.
But this cellular material has one big drawback - these are the difficulties that builders face when the task is to attach other structural elements of the building to the porous walls. This directly applies to the Mauerlat, because its location is the upper ends of the walls, to which it should be attached.
As practice shows, classical fastening technologies cannot be used here. Of course, the ideal option is to fill in the reinforcing belt, in which to install the vertical studs. But many craftsmen try not to burden the gas silicate walls with a reinforced concrete strip structure, so they are looking for ways to do without it. Therefore, further we will talk about these fastening methods and be sure to indicate how justified they are.
The importance of Mauerlat
Before proceeding to consider the methods of attaching the roof to the walls made of aerated concrete, I would like to say a few words about the Mauerlat itself. To begin with, this is one of the most important parts of a home's design. Because in terms of its functional load, it can be compared with a strip foundation. Only the Mauerlat is affected by the loads of the roofing structure.
And the loads from the roof, I must say, are considerable. At the same time, they do not act vertically, but horizontally, that is, perpendicular to the plane of the walls. In this case, the latter work in bending, which is very dangerous for vertically located structures. In fact, the roof of a house has a destructive effect on its walls.
But that is not all. A rafter system consisting of rafter legs is a structure that acts on the walls of a building with point loads. And for structures assembled from piece wall material, which includes gas silicate blocks, this is a point destructive action. So the Mauerlat distributes these loads evenly along the entire length of the walls, reducing them at each point separately.
And the third positive quality of the Mauerlat is the simplification of the process of connecting the rafter legs with the walls of the building. It would be difficult to attach each rafter to the wall. It is much easier to do this when two wooden elements are connected together. At the same time, a fairly large number of fastener options opens up from traditional "deaf" ones using nails and self-tapping screws, to movable ones, in which modern fasteners are used.
Usually, a bar with a minimum section of 100x100 mm is used as a Mauerlat. But among builders, there is an unspoken opinion that the height of the timber used should not be less than two thicknesses of the rafter legs. As for the width, the best option is the thickness of the wall on which the Mauerlat is mounted, minus 5 cm.That is, the main task is to prevent natural loads from acting on the Mauerlat, both from the outside and from the inside.
Since the Mauerlat is exposed to rather serious loads, a first-grade timber with a reduced moisture coefficient is chosen for it. Experienced craftsmen recommend using hardwood beams for the Mauerlat. But it is not easy to find such material today, so pine is more often used.
If the rafter system is made of metal trusses, then instead of wood for the Mauerlat, you can choose a steel profile, usually a channel or I-beam. In private housing construction, metal profiles are rarely used. This is the exception rather than the rule. Preference is still given to wood.
On our site you can find the most popular - from the best construction companies with an impeccable reputation in the market. The site offers to order a free calculation of the project. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.
About fastening the Mauerlat to the walls
If the task is to attach the Mauerlat to a wall built of bricks, concrete blocks, stone and other durable materials, then there are not so many connection methods, but there are still several. They are quite reliable, time-tested, so they can be used in practice without any problems.
For example, one of the most common is when a wire rod with a diameter of 4-6 mm twisted into two or three layers is laid in a brick or block masonry. This twisted steel cord is laid on top of the laid Mauerlat, where it is twisted, pulling the beam to the end of the wall. This mount is actually reliable. Moreover, such twists are installed every 1-1.5 m. And it is better if they coincide with the step of installing the rafter legs.
It should be noted that it is this option that some masters recommend using in the process of attaching the Mauerlat to the wall of gas silicate blocks. To do this, the wire twist must be laid at the level of the blocks, which are located three to four rows below the upper end of the wall. A waterproofing layer must be placed under the wooden beams, for example, roofing material, folded in two layers. The fastener is tightened using a crowbar. It is important not to twist here, so as not to create a large point load on the gas block through which the wire structure is drawn.
But here another question arises - will the gas silicate block actually cut through the wire. After all, wind loads acting on the roof swing the Mauerlat, which acts on the fastener, that is, on the twist. Most likely it will. Therefore, this option can be attributed to the category of assumed or possible. In any case, there is no concrete confirmation that in this way it is possible to connect the roof and the wall from blocks, meaning gas silicate ones.
On our site you can find contacts of construction companies that offer. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.
Anchoring
The metal anchor is a reliable fastening element with which a very strong connection can be guaranteed. But here, as in the previous case, if the conversation is about walls made of bricks, blocks or stone. Unfortunately, it should be noted that the load on the walls even from the Mauerlat is large. This is not a cabinet or TV that weighs a little. Anchors can handle such loads without problems.
The roof structure is a huge load that has a destructive effect on wall materials with a low load-bearing capacity. But nevertheless, masters use this mounting option, but with one caveat - the length of the fastener, in this case the anchor, should be within 300-500 mm. Such fasteners are not cheap, but it is with its help that you can give at least some guarantees on the quality of the final result.
The Mauerlat installation process is carried out in the following sequence:
on the end of the wall is laid waterproofing material;
lay on top bar, as mauerlat element, which is aligned with the vertical surface of the wall;
after a certain distance, equal to the step of installing the rafter legs, drill a hole;
are driven there anchor, the head of which is screwed in until it stops.
Video description
The video shows the technology for attaching the Mauerlat to the wall of the building using anchors:
Chemical anchors
Until recently, no one knew about this fastening technology. Although many craftsmen know how to secure any steel pin with epoxy. Here the same technology, just instead of epoxy resin with a fixer, other ready-made compositions are used.
One of the methods is called capsule or apmular technology. This is a capsule in which the adhesive is sealed. It is driven into a prepared hole, where a hairpin is driven from above. The first one bursts, the glue spreads inside between the walls of the hole and the thread of the stud. After polymerization, and this can take up to 45 minutes, a very strong attachment is obtained.
The second option is a two-component composition in cans. A pistol nozzle is put on the latter, with the help of which the composition is fed into the drilled hole. The composition is a polymer mass, rather viscous. Therefore, the anchor will have to be screwed into the filled hole, and not hammered.
Source homius.ruWhat can be said about the advantages of chemical anchors:
high fastening reliability with a long service life - up to 50 years old;
polymer one hundred percent inert to all natural loads: chemical, atmospheric and biological;
using chemical fasteners is a complete lack of bursting loadsacting from inside the block, respectively, practically the risk is eliminated appearance of defects porous material;
polymer composite, which by itself completely fills the hole inside the gas block, will work and how fastening element between the anchor (stud) and the walls of the hole.
Now about the disadvantages:
first of all, it should be noted that chemical anchors - pleasure not cheap, besides, drilling holes in the walls from gas silicate blocks will have to be deep, which means material consumption will be big;
composite material badly feels with high temperaturesreducing its technical characteristics;
unfortunately, no reliable informationhow reliable this method is.
Video description
The video explains how to choose the right chemical anchor:
Generalization of the information provided
So, all of the above methods do not give one hundred percent guarantee that the Mauerlat will be securely fixed to the end of the wall erected from gas silicate blocks. You can use other options that we did not talk about in this article, but the essence will still be the same - any fastener, once inside the porous material, will begin to act negatively on it.
The reason is the work of the fastener for bending and the low strength of the gas block itself. Therefore, we recommend using the only correct option - mounting the Mauerlat on a reinforced belt made of concrete mortar poured over the wall.
Formation of an armopoyas
If we consider the instructions and guidelines for attaching the Mauerlat to the walls erected from gas silicate blocks, then only one option is considered in them - the installation of beams on a reinforcing belt. The technology of filling the armopoyas is simple, because the manufacturers of gas blocks have taken care of increasing the range of their products by using special elements. They are intended only for laying the last row.
They have a characteristic shape in the form of the English letter "U", which is why they are often called that - U-blocks. For a purely constructive purpose, this type of gas silicate blocks performs the functions of a permanent formwork in the wall, where a metal frame made of steel reinforcement is installed and a concrete solution is poured.
At the same time, manufacturers today offer several variations of blocks for an armored belt, in which the notch is located not only in the center, but also with a slight offset. Plus, several types in terms of dimensional parameters. Therefore, it is very easy to match this U-shaped element to the thickness of the wall and the main blocks.
The process of forming an armopoyas itself is quite simple:
U-shaped elements stack on the last row of solid blocks with an adhesive composition;
inside the formed groove stack reinforcing frame;
to the last welded or tied with wire hairpins with a step equal to the step of laying the rafter legs;
pour concrete;
after it dries laying waterproofing material;
over mauerlat beams, in which through holes are pre-made;
i.e mauerlat should kind of be put on upright studs;
to the ends studs put on broad steel washers and tighten the nuts;
pressed with nuts mauerlat k armopoyas.
Video description
The video shows the technology of pouring the armopoyas on the wall from gas silicate blocks:
Conclusion on the topic
So, we tried to figure out some of the ways of attaching the Mauerlat for a gable roof for a house made of aerated concrete. In fact, the ideal option is associated only with the formation of a reinforcing belt, poured out of concrete. Moreover, the filling technology is simple and inexpensive. So drop all other options. It is not worth the risk, you should not avoid small additional investments. After all, the quality of the final result is more important, regardless of how you achieve it.
In the construction of houses, gabled roofs are most often constructed, which are well tolerated by the loads from snow and rain. But in order for these loads not to deform or destroy the walls, a Mauerlat is used. What is a Mauerlat, what is it for, and what are the ways to mount it? All these questions may arise from a person who is not very familiar with the structure of the roofing system. In this case, this information will be very useful to you.
What is Mauerlat, its functions and features
Mauerlat - this is a kind of base of the roof, its foundation. These are beams or beams located around the entire perimeter of the outer walls, which connect the rafters and walls into a single solid structure.
The two main functions of the Mauerlat are:
- Distribution of a point load, which acts on the walls and can damage them;
- Connection of the roof structure with the walls of the structure into a single structure.
The angle of inclination of the roof weakens the force with which the weight of the snow presses on the structure and redirects the force of pressure from the vertical to the horizontal plane. This force becomes expanding, which acts on the walls in a point at the place where the rafters are attached and, over time, can deform or destroy the wall. Mauerlat helps to distribute these influences evenly, preventing possible damage.
If or is built of wood, then there is no need to install the Mauerlat, as a separate structure, the upper part of the wall can play its role. If the house is built of bricks, aerated concrete, foam blocks and other discrete materials, then the wall needs to be strengthened with a Mauerlat.
Material and its length
Mauerlat is made of the same material as the roofing system, wood is most often used, because it is a relatively inexpensive material, environmentally friendly, affordable and easy to install. Mauerlat can also be made of metal, this is necessary for large, industrial structures, where the load on the roof is much higher than in residential buildings.
The junction should be in the middle of the wall so that each part of the beam is as long as possible. For example, the average length of a bar is six meters, and the wall is eight meters long, it is recommended to take two segments of four meters, not six and two meters.
Methods for installing Mauerlat
General rules
The width of the timber is usually equal to one third of the thickness of the main wall, on average it is about 15-20 cm. There is no need to make the Mauerlat thicker in order to try to make the structure more reliable, this can play a bad role. Firstly, excess weight increases the load on the walls. Secondly, the thicker the beam, the more it weighs, the heavy weight complicates the installation process.
To prevent wood from rotting, a layer of waterproofing is lined between the Mauerlat and the wall; ordinary roofing material is suitable. To protect against pests, wood is treated with an antiseptic.
Bars are laid either closer to the inner part of the wall, or closer to its middle, the main thing is that at least five centimeters remain to the outer edge.
Fastening with metal wire
It is considered the easiest way to install a Mauerlat. To do this, take a wire with a thickness of at least five millimeters, it is laid in brickwork to a depth of five or six rows. Calculate the length of the wire so that there is enough for the entire thickness of the Mauerlat and the ends remain, which can then be twisted together.
In the bar, holes are drilled into which the wire will be threaded, the holes are made paired at a distance of 25-30 cm, the ends of the wire threaded through the holes are twisted together. You determine the number of such twists yourself, but they should not be less than the number of rafters.
Fastening with construction studs
The hairpin is a metal pin bent at a right angle, where one side is longer than the other, in shape resembles the letter G. Or, on one side, a metal plate five by five centimeters in size is welded to the hairpin.
The pins are laid vertically into the masonry to a depth of about forty-five centimeters, where the short part of the spire or metal plastic is located at the bottom. The length should be enough for the entire thickness of the Mauerlat, at least three centimeters of the construction hairpin should stick out of it. Washers are twisted from above, which tightly press the Mauerlat against the wall.
Fastening the Mauerlat with anchor bolts
The device using anchor pins and bolts is considered the most reliable and strongest. Anchors are installed directly into a reinforced belt, which is poured with concrete and, after drying, provides a strong fastening of the Mauerlat.
The number of pins should not be less than the rafters, and they should not be the same location. Install anchors as straight as possible in a row and as vertical as possible.
When the pins are installed, a Mauerlat bar is applied on top of them and hit with a special hammer so that marks remain on the surface of the tree, which will show where to drill holes for the anchor. Reliable fastening of the structure is provided with bolts.
Why do you need an armopoyas
In some cases, the use of a reinforced belt is mandatory, in others it is recommended.
When an armored belt is needed
If the house is built of materials such as aerated concrete or expanded clay concrete, then when you try to drive any fastener into these materials, they can collapse due to their softness. To avoid this, an armopoyas is used to install the Mauerlat, which allows you not to violate the integrity of the material.
Useful functions of the armopoyas
- Holds the structure of walls during earthquakes and ground movements;
- Corrects uneven laying of walls in the horizontal direction;
- Provides the structure with additional rigidity and strength;
- Redistributes all point loads evenly;
- Allows you to firmly and securely fix the Mauerlat.
First you need to build a formwork into which concrete will be poured. In width, it should be equal to the main wall, the overall dimensions should not be less than 25 * 25 cm.If the house is built of aerated concrete, then for the last row, take U-shaped blocks, they form a convenient gutter, the main thing is to cut through all the extra walls to form a single gutter along the entire perimeter of the wall.
A reinforcing frame made of four longitudinal pins with a thickness of at least 12 mm is laid in the formwork or gutter, a transverse jumper made of wire with a diameter of eight millimeters is made every quarter of a meter maximum. The threaded anchors are fastened directly to the frame using a wire.
It is necessary to pour the entire belt with concrete continuously so that the entire structure dries simultaneously without seams and joints. To remove air pockets, concrete is pierced with a metal pin while still in a liquid state.
Armopoyas under the Mauerlat in aerated concrete, video
You should not neglect the installation of the Mauerlat, this will help you build a truly strong and reliable house, which will not be afraid of any natural disasters, whether it be snowfall or even an earthquake. Pay special attention to the mounting of the Mauerlat, install the armopoyas, you will definitely not regret it.
Ceramic tiles have a fairly long service life. And the best confirmation of this is that old tiles are often used for the restoration of buildings. In addition, archaeological finds also confirm the long service life of this roofing material. Some samples, for example, are more than 5 thousand years old.
It is better to solve such a problem by replacing the slate sheet, but it is quite difficult to cope with this alone. The fastest and easiest solution would be to lay the slate on the damaged place or seal it (places). If holes from nails are visible on the slate, then they can also be sealed; as an option, you can solder a piece of roofing material using a torch.
The roof load can range from 70 kg to 200 kg per 1 m² of the horizontal projection. Tellingly, the roof - no matter how much it weighs - must also withstand the so-called temporary loads, which include repair work, a layer of snow in winter and its (snow) cleaning.
The soft roof has its drawbacks, and significant ones. So, it is not always possible to completely seal the vapor barrier layer, because water vapor, getting into the layer of insulating material, accumulates there (after all, due to the dense waterproofing carpet, moisture does not evaporate). Over time, moisture accumulated in the insulation begins to flow down and wet spots appear on the ceiling. In addition, moisture freezes at sub-zero temperatures, its volume increases, and the waterproofing, as a result, breaks off from the base. Even during operation, the waterproofing is exposed to mechanical / climatic influences, which is why cracks appear on it. Through these cracks, water enters the house, and it is sometimes difficult to detect and eliminate the cause of such leaks.
Hanging are those rafters that rest on only two outer walls. This is a type of roof trusses to which the attic floor is attached. If the span in the hanging rafters exceeds the mark of 6 meters, then a vertical suspended beam is additionally attached between the upper ends of the rafter legs. If the span varies from 6 to 12 meters, then the structure of the rafters is supplemented with struts, which reduces the length of the rafter legs.
To ensure a long service life and optimal conditions for using metal tiles, you need to periodically inspect the roof. Rainwater is often enough to keep the polymer coating clean, but fallen leaves and other contaminants are not washed off in all cases. Therefore, the surface should be cleaned at least once a year. The same applies to drainage systems.
Use water and a soft brush to remove dirt and discoloration. The roof can be cleaned with a water jet (pressure must not exceed 50 bar), and to remove stubborn dirt, use detergents intended for colored polymer coatings. Before starting work, be sure to read the instructions for the detergent to make sure that it is exactly suitable for such a surface. If the dirt does not come out, you can try to remove it with a piece of cloth moistened with alcohol. The roof must be washed from top to bottom, so that the detergent is completely washed off. Then the surface and drainage systems are flushed with water.
As for the snow, it is usually rolled off the roof, and what remains is quite consistent with the bearing capacity of the structure.
It is important that the material that will be used for roof insulation has good thermal insulation characteristics and is:
- safe (that is, it did not contain harmful substances);
- effective (insulating material must meet all energy efficiency requirements);
- reliable (the initial properties of the heat insulator should not be lost throughout the entire operational life of the structure).
The main function of a vapor barrier is to prevent the appearance of a dew point inside the building. Who does not know, the "dew point" means the temperature at which the humidity level is more than 100%, as a result of which excess moisture turns into dew (condensation occurs) and freezes. Moreover, it causes the appearance of mold and mildew - both inside the roofing cake and in the building itself.
It is difficult to overestimate all the advantages of a thatched roof. It is cool in summer and warm in winter, the building itself "breathes" and generally lives a quiet, calm life. Even the sounds of rain in the presence of such a roof are "extinguished", it is characterized by resistance to winds and other atmospheric influences. In addition to all this, a thatched roof allows you to significantly save money on the foundation and flooring, since they will not need to rely on heavy loads.
A thatched roof can be installed on a roof of absolutely any design, there are no restrictions in terms of form in this case. Finally, the service life of such a roof reaches 50 years. It's not worth talking about the uniqueness of the design at all!
Mauerlat Is a wooden beam that is laid on the walls of the house in order to transfer and distribute the load from the weight of the roof, snow and wind loads from rafters or floor beams on the walls. Due to the difficulty of pronouncing the word "", many builders give it other names, for example, murlat, matitsa, uterus, etc.
The construction of any roof begins with the installation of a Mauerlat. An exception is the construction of the roof of a log or timber frame house. Here, the upper crown of the logs, or the upper beam, is used as a Mauerlat.
As a Mauerlat, a 150x100 or 150x150 bar is most often used. It is better to lay it flush with the inner surface of the wall of the house. And outside it will not be superfluous to make a protective barrier made of brickwork for the Mauerlat. Do not forget to make waterproofing to protect the tree. Two layers of roofing material will be enough.
To be honest, before I did not pay enough attention to attaching the Mauerlat to the walls of the house. I thought the roof was so heavy, well, where will it go. Yes, and tornadoes, such as in America, do not happen in our region. But one day, about six years ago, after another summer hurricane, I saw such a picture on one of the streets of our city. There is a house, and next to it, literally five meters away, lies the already dilapidated roof of this house. It got me thinking.
There are several ways to attach the Mauerlat to the walls:
1 way: wooden blocks are embedded in the brickwork two or three rows below the top of the wall and the Mauerlat is attached to them with staples;
Method 2: when building walls from cellular blocks (foam concrete, etc.), it is necessary to make a reinforced concrete belt under the roof. So, directly when pouring this belt, threaded rods are laid into it. Then, holes are drilled in the Mauerlat beams for these pins and the beams are installed on them, after which they are attracted to the wall with nuts and washers. Studs can be used with a diameter of 12-14 mm. They must be installed every 1.5-2 meters, at least.
Method 3: similar to the second method, when building brick walls, the studs are embedded directly into the brickwork to a depth of at least 3 rows of bricks.
By the way, in order to save money, instead of studs, you can use simple fittings, and the nuts can be welded to it by welding.
Method 4: thick (3-4 mm) steel wire is also inserted into the brickwork 3 rows below the top of the wall, the ends of which go out and in and have a length sufficient to tie the Mauerlat.
Often, when installing a Mauerlat, it is necessary to splicate the bars. This is done by cutting the beams into a half-tree and fastening them either with bolts or nails.
All of the above methods, at the request of the customer, I had to use, some more often, some less often. But in recent years, I increasingly do it my own way. In general, I always try to simplify and facilitate the work whenever possible. We use 50x150 mm edged boards as Mauerlat. First, lay out one row of boards on the walls. We fasten them with anchor 
screws (namely screws - a head for a screwdriver, the bolt heads will interfere). The length of the anchors is at least 20 cm. Holes in the brickwork or reinforced concrete belt are made using a perforator, after having drilled the board with an ordinary drill.
After that, lay out another row of boards and nail them to the first with simple nails 100 mm long. We make the joints of the boards in other places, thereby carrying out the dressing. In the corners of the board, we also put it with a bandage. Thus, we get a Mauerlat 100 mm thick, which is, in principle, sufficient.
We use this method for several reasons. Firstly, it is easier to lift the boards to a height than the parallel bars. Secondly, there is no need to cut into a half-tree. Well, there is also such a moment: it happens when, for example, the walls were laid out by other builders, and we are making the roof. Of course, bricklayers most often do not lay any hairpins, embedded bars or wire. We have to work with what we have.
In conclusion, I want to say again that the roof is like a large sail, so it is better to spend a little time and fix it more securely so that in a strong wind it would not even be able to move along the walls.
Pitched roof designs are varied, but one of the components of the roofing system is the Mauerlat. This part of the roof is important and serves several functions. For the correct arrangement of the roof, the type of Mauerlat, the technology of its installation and materials are selected.
What is Mauerlat and its functions
The roof structure includes many functional elements, as it protects the load-bearing walls of the building. One of these components of the rafter system is the Mauerlat, which is a row or crown of timber laid on the top of the walls. The Mauerlat is in contact with the upper area of \u200b\u200bthe walls along the entire perimeter of the building, which ensures the fulfillment of the functions assigned to this row of beams.
Mauerlat has a simple design
A simple Mauerlat device ensures its functionality and maximum efficiency. The system of beams serves to evenly distribute the weight of the roof over all the walls of the building, which is necessary to prevent skewing, deformation of the roof. This is the first function of the Mauerlat, and the second is to hold and fix the roof on the walls.
The roof rafter system joins the Mauerlat What is Mauerlat made of
The roof rafter system is most often made of wood. Mauerlat is also made from the same material. In wooden houses, the role of the mauerlat can be played by the last crown of the walls, which is securely fixed. In buildings made of aerated concrete, brick and other similar materials, the Mauerlat is built using wooden beams with certain parameters depending on the dimensions of the walls.
High quality wood is optimal for the construction of the Mauerlat The Mauerlat is attached to the walls using metal anchors. To do this, bolts are fixed in the brickwork, the length of which is greater than the thickness of the beams. Then, on the boards, the places for the holes are marked, the beams are laid, inserting the ends of the bolts into the holes. Special nuts are tightened from above, securely fixing the Mauerlat. Thus, to create the basis for the rafter system, wooden beams with a cross section of 150 or 200 mm are needed, anchor bolts are longer than the thickness of the timber.
Mauerlat roof installation
Installation of the Mauerlat can be carried out with or without a reinforcing belt. The first option is optimal for insufficiently strong walls, which rarely happens. Therefore, the most common installation is without a reinforcing belt.
The Mauerlat is attached to the walls with anchors, but other fastenings are possible Fixing to a brick wall
Before fixing the Mauerlat, a waterproofing material is laid on a brick wall, the edges of which, after installation, are fixed with brackets on the beams. And you can also process the edges of the walls with bitumen, and then lay the boards. This protects the base from decay and deformation. Further actions are as follows:
Fastening the base for the roof can be carried out with an armored belt. To do this, at the edge of the walls, concrete is poured into a reinforcing structure from rods laid along the length of the walls and fastened into rectangular structures. The casting formwork consists of boards bolted from the outside and from the inside of the walls. Inside, concrete is poured onto the reinforcement and the fixing time is waiting, which is from 5 days.
The width of the armopoyas should not exceed the thickness of the wall Video: mounting the Mauerlat on the armopoyas
Connecting the bars to each other
Mauerlat can consist of thick beams, fastened together by a hole-cut method or washed down in half the thickness of the elements. If boards measuring 150x50 mm are used for the base, then they are stacked three pieces in a row. The elements are carefully fixed between themselves with strong self-tapping screws, additionally installing on the anchor.
Video: splicing bars
Internal thermal insulation of Mauerlat
As a result of the construction of the base for the roof, small cold bridges are formed, which significantly affect the atmosphere inside the room. For example, the area of \u200b\u200bcontact between the attic floor and the Mauerlat is often such an area. In such situations, careful insulation is necessary.
For insulation, it is important to determine the zones through which cold enters Before laying the insulation, all wooden elements must be treated with an antiseptic composition to prevent the development of fungus. Mineral wool is most often used as an insulating component, and polystyrene foam plates, fiberglass materials, and polyurethane foam are also popular. Plates of material are simply laid and glued to the surface of the required areas. An effective solution is a sprayed insulation, namely polyurethane foam.
Features of waterproofing
Preventing moisture from entering the roof base structure is an important construction point. Waterproofing protects the timber from rotting and preserves the integrity of the rafter system. For this purpose, the Mauerlat timber is wrapped in several layers of roofing material or one layer of waterproofing. Additional protection will be provided by pre-treating the boards with wood stain or other antiseptic and fire-fighting agents intended for wood.
Roofing material and bitumen are popular waterproofing options. The minimum number of joints, high quality wood, and the absence of cracks are important conditions for the long service life of the Mauerlat. In this case, waterproofing will protect the material well and make the structure strong.
Mauerlat for different types of roofs
The design of the roof base does not imply significant differences in the construction of different types of roofs. For simple gable roofs, the Mauerlat is always placed on the walls, since it serves as a support and a layer for connecting the rafter system and supporting elements.
Depending on the type of roof connection, the type of Mauerlat fastening is determined If it is planned to arrange a residential attic in a house under construction, then the construction of a Mauerlat is carried out according to the usual technology. In this case, complex methods are not used, and the timber is attached to the walls with anchors. A special point is careful insulation, as well as waterproofing, since the attic must be comfortable.
Mauerlat mansard roof has a standard design Hip roofs have a rather complex structure and therefore the Mauerlat system must be as strong as possible. The basis for a hip roof is created according to general principles, but the load on it is slightly greater than with a simple gable roof. To do this, it is best to attach the base to an armored belt.
Hip roof has four slopes For the construction of a roof with two slopes, a Mauerlat is required that is securely attached to the walls. The main load is carried out on two walls on which the roof slopes rest. In this case, fastening is suitable both with and without an armored belt.
For a gable roof, the Mauerlat can be attached by any method Fastening the rafters to the Mauerlat
The rafter system must be firmly fixed to the Mauerlat. To do this, you can use two options for fastening: a steel corner and nails. In the first case, the steel corner is nailed to the rafter with three or one nail on each side, depending on the required degree of mobility. The second method is more common and involves driving two nails at right angles to each other, while the third is fastened vertically.
Each method has a certain degree of reliability. Video: attaching the rafters to the Mauerlat
The Mauerlat system requires careful design to ensure the reliability of the roof. Therefore, it is important to calculate the parameters of this component of the rafter system and perform the installation in accordance with the technology.